Important drug adverse effects:

Hi Fellow Pharmacists,

Here are some important adverse effects which are high yield.

1. Stevens Johnson Syndrome (a bullous form of erythema multiforme)- Sulfa drugs, ethosuximide, lamotrigine
2. Gray Baby Syndrome- chloramphenicol
3. Fenconi Syndrome- from expired tetracycline
4. Red Man Syndrome- iv Vancomycin 
5. SIADH ( Syndrome of Insufficient Antidiuretic Hormone) - Carbamazepine
6. Cutaneous Flushing- Vancomycin, Niacine, Adenosine, Calcium channel blockers

keep following for more.

APEC exam questions in September 2011

List of questions asked in APEC stage 1 8
th
Paper 1:
September 2011.
1.which of the following functional group is responsible for Atropine instability?
a. ether
b. ester
c. amino
d. heterocyclic ring
2. barbiturate over all is a(an):
a. acidic
b: basic
c:neutral
d. non electrolyte
3. methotrexate overdose is managed by?
a.folic acid
b. folinic acid( also known as leucovorin)
c. naltrexone
d. acetyle cystine
4. following structure is present in which one of the folloing molecule?
a. Vitamine C
b. Vitamine B
c. Vitamine D
d. Vitamine A
5.which of the following is ion present in vitamine B12?a. Ferrous
b. cobalt
c. magnesium
d. calcium
6. There were questions on pH and solubility of the drug
For example if we alkalanise the pH then which of the following drug will be excreated?
7. Basic stereo chemistry
For example what will be the mixture in final solution if the molecule has more than 1 chiral centers?
Enantiomers or diastereomers etc.
8.The following molecule is:
a. Precursor of dopamine
b. Dopamine
c. NE
d. ????? sorry don’t know
Ans as this is the levo dopa molecule we should be able to understand that it is the precursor of
dopamine
9. what is the diagnostic test for cyctic fibrosis?
FEV1 ratio
Amount of chloride in sweat etc......
10. What is the most appropriate counselling advice would you give to the patient taking Benzyle
peroxide cream?
a. avoid contact with hair
b. it can cause stain on coloured cloths
c.???? Cant remember but these are the closed options as long as I know.
11.which of the following will increase the activity of warfarin?a.raloxifene
b.esomeprazole
c. don’t knowA
d. don’t knowB
funny this the following question was the same heading and the options were same except one drug
that is raloxifene and paracetamol everythingelse was same. I am pretty sure.
12. which of the following will increase warfarin activity?
a. paracetamol
b. esomeprazole
c. don’t know A
d. don’t know B
13. if a patient is given metronidazole what is the most appropriate counselling you would provide?
a. avoid alcohol
b. not more than 2 standard drinks
c. take with food
d. don’t know other options
14.sumatriptan is used for which of the following migraine condition?
a. migraine headache with aura
b. migraine headache without
c .migraine with cluster headache
d.can’t remember other option
15. UV rays are useful for detection of which of the following molecule?
Sorry no idea of options may be it was benzene ring or something
16. if a mother of two children was prescribed 125mg/ml paracetamol in solution then the child of 8
years old has to take 4times a day and then if she can use the same solution for the otherchild of 2
years old ehat could be the dose for the second child?
17.what is the dose for misoprostol for ulcer ?
a.20mg 4 times a dayb.200microgram 4times a day
18. what is the dose for Viagra (sildenafil):
a. initiate dose with 25 mg one hour before sexual activity
b.initiate  dose with 50mg one hour before sexual activity
c. take 100mg once a day
d. take 20 mg 4 times a day
19.there were calculations on parentral nutrition.
If the parient is given parentral nutrition then whoe many kilojule energy will be produced?
The injection content will be given. In that fats will be there proteins/ amino acids will be there and
you will be asked the fats will produce how much energy?
20. there were questions on Css calculations concentration of steady state? And maintainance dose
and loading dose.
21. calculations on Fe++ mEq from (FeSO4. 2H2O) injections.
22.there were two case studies at the end of both the papers with 10 questions each.
Patient profiles will be given and multiple diseases states will be given and pharmacist’s
recommandations will be asked.
10 + 10 = 20 questions on case studies out of 200 total of both papers.
23. which of the following base should be used for the hydrocortisone cream?
24. how does the uv rays kill microorganism?
a.  by change in dna structures
b. cant remember other options
25. which of the following is not to be given in pregnancy?
The option was dinoprost  and other drugs
26. which of the following will have higher hypoglycaemic effect?
Metformin.
Rosiglitazone
Glipizide
insulin
27.Which of the following has the possible sideeffect of lactoacidosis?Metformin
Pioglitazone
Glibenclamide
Insulin
28. calculations on volume of distribution Vd and from t1/2 and F bioavailability?
29. You will be given t ½ 1 hour and will be asked how much time will it take for the 95% drug to
clear from the body?
Options were clear and just remember 1
st
                                                                     2
  t1/2 = 50% drug in the blood = 50% drug out of the body
nd
                                                                     3
t1/2= 25% of drug in the blood= 75% drug out of the body
rd
                                                                      4
t1/2= 12.5% of drug in the blood=87.5% drug out of body
th
                                                                      5
t1/2=6.25% of drug in the blood=93.75% drug out of body
th
29. which of the following organism is responsible for the pseudomembraneous colitis?
t1/2=3.125% of drug in the blood=96.875% of drug out of
body
A. Clostridium dificile
b. Clostridium tetani
c. Clostridium perfringes
d.Clostridium monocytogenes.

Good book for information in pharmacy practice in Australia

We have been searching for the book and information about how an Australian Pharmacy operates, this is the text material that will give a brief information about the operation.

What is actual Healthcare System in effect in Australia?
 When did it come in to effect? where is it inspired from? what is PBS and RPBS? How many schemes are there in PBS?
If you want answers to all these questions, please buy the book and get the answers.

This is the book.
Australian pharmacy law and practice / John Low, Laetitia Hattingh, Kim Forrester